HCV INFECTION AND DIABETES MELLITUS. LITERATURE REVIEW.

Abstract

Introduction. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are among the major public health problems that are a heavy burden on health and costly around the world [21,44,62,70]. HCV infection causes liver manifestations such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and is also involved in the pathogenesis of extrahepatic manifestations, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Multiple longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have shown a higher incidence and prevalence of hyperglycemia in HCV seropositive than in controls without HCV infection. [41,55]. The diabetogenic potential of the liver has long been known, and in 1906 [38] the name "hepatogenic diabetes" (HD) was proposed to define this condition. Currently, DM2 and HD are treated similarly because there are no standardized  recommendations. Various pathophysiological underpinnings of HD may influence treatment options. One review article discusses the existence of HD as a distinct disease with high prevalence rates, a strong pathophysiological basis, clinical and therapeutic implications, and widespread skepticism and knowledge gaps. However, it is still an underestimated problem and scientific organizations do not recognize it as a separate type of diabetes. [2] Aim: to summarize the literature on the comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus and viral hepatitis C. Search strategy. We have conducted an analytical review of open access sources from scientific databases Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, e-library over the past 20 years (2003-2023). Key words were used for the search: diabetes mellitus, hepatogenic diabetes, HCV infection, viral hepatitis C, incretins, insulin resistance, NAFLD. The publications included in the literature review were full-text articles in Russian and English. A total of 143 were analyzed, of which 70 met the study objectives and inclusion criteria. Results. The review material presents possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the influence of HCV infection on the development and course of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion. Based on the literature review, it was found that the main task for carrying out measures for the prevention, early detection and reduction of the risk of developing complications in diabetes mellitus and viral hepatitis C is a combination of educational, preventive, screening and therapeutic work.