FEATURES OF PREECLAMPSIA COURSE AT IVF-INDUCED PREGNANCY: LITERARY REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia, a multifactorial condition with a strong genetic influence, complicates pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, remaining a significant cause of maternal mortality. Despite modern diagnostic methods, screenings, and preventive measures, the incidence of preeclampsia remains unchanged. The increasing age of women planning pregnancy and the use of assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF with donor oocytes, increase the risk of pregnancy complications. This study aims to study the features of preeclampsia development in older women with IVF-induced pregnancies. Search strategy: Both Russian and English articles, found in CyberLeninka, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and eLibrary using keywords and medical headings from 2012 to 2024, were used. The review included 83 articles on the clinic, diagnosis, screening, and prevention of preeclampsia. Results: Preeclampsia, a common complication of pregnancy, has a negative impact on the health of both the mother and the child. There is insufficient knowledge about the pathogenesis and prevention of this complication. The only effective treatment for preeclampsia is delivery; however, determining the optimal timing of delivery for the fetus presents a challenge, considering that prolonging pregnancy worsens the mother's condition. The duration of pregnancy directly increases the risk of lethal complications for the mother. Premature delivery, in turn, threatens the immaturity of the newborn's organs and systems, which can lead to vision, lung, and brain problems in the future. Early diagnosis and prevention of preeclampsia can significantly improve pregnancy outcomes for both the mother and the child. Conclusion: Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between preeclampsia and chronic conditions during pregnancy. Early and reliable diagnostic markers for preeclampsia are required to initiate prevention and determine the optimal time for delivery. This, in turn, facilitates pathogenically justified preventive therapy from the early stages of pregnancy, reducing the economic burden of managing severe preeclampsia during pregnancy.