DIABETIC FOOT SYNDROME: MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS AND THE ROLE OF NURSES

Abstract

Background. Diabetic foot ulcers are a common complication of diabetes that can lead to limb amputation. Effective treatment of this condition requires in-depth knowledge of risk factors, regular medical monitoring, and careful prevention. Aim: to analyze current understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention of diabetic foot. Search strategy. We conducted a literature search and included articles published between 2014 and 2024. Search queries were regularly performed in academic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase). No gender filters were used in the search, only patients over 18 years of age were included by age, observational, experimental, and secondary studies were included by study type. In addition to the main search, references of relevant publications were analyzed, international and national guidelines were analyzed to include current approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diabetic foot. Results. The analysis showed that the pathogenesis of diabetic foot involves complex processes associated with impaired microcirculation, neuropathy, and infection. Teaching patients proper foot hygiene, nail care, and choosing the right footwear plays a key role in reducing the risk of injury. Diagnostic approaches continue to improve, allowing for early detection of pathology and increased treatment effectiveness. Following a systematic approach to diagnosis and classification improves communication between physicians and specialists, simplifying the treatment of complications. Such a coordinated approach may ultimately lead to a reduction in the number of diabetes-related lower limb amputations. Conclusions. Foot changes in patients with diabetes have become one of the most common complications and the main reason for hospitalization. Treatment should be comprehensive, including hyperglycemia control, wound care, and infection therapy. Effective care should be multidisciplinary and personalized according to the patient's condition and needs. It is important to provide prevention education, emotional support, and encourage the patient to follow recommendations, including regular foot care and blood glucose monitoring.