THE FREQUENCY AND EFFICACY ASSESSMENT OF RADIOIODINE THERAPY FOR DISTANT METASTASES OF THYROID CANCER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34689/kh2mdf40Keywords:
Differentiated high grade thyroid cancer, radioiodine therapy, distant metastases, treatment methods, treatment effectiveness, I-131 therapy outcomes.Abstract
Introduction. In Kazakhstan, as well as globally, the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing. In 2023 the incidence rate
rose by 13.1% compared to the previous year. Radioactive iodine therapy (I-131) is the primary treatment method for highly
differentiated thyroid cancer (HDTC) following surgical tumor removal. However, in some patients distant metastases may
develop, worsening the prognosis and necessitating an assessment of the effectiveness of radioiodine therapy in such cases.
Objective: To study the incidence of distant metastases and evaluate the effectiveness of radioiodine therapy (I-131) in
patients with thyroid cancer.
Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted for 443 patients diagnosed with
HDTC who underwent treatment in the radionuclide therapy department from January to December 2023. Among them, 33
patients (7.4%) were diagnosed with distant metastases. The localization of metastases, therapeutic doses of I-131, and
clinical outcomes were assessed based on medical documentation.
Results. Among the 443 patients studied, 7.4% had distant metastases of thyroid cancer. As a result, metastatic lesions
were localized in the lungs in 54.5% of cases, in the bones in 12.1%, and in distant lymph nodes in 15.2%. Complete
remission was achieved in 44% of patients, while disease stabilization was observed in 50%. In 6% of cases, radioiodine
therapy did not produce a significant effect. Additionally, 3% of patients had rare metastatic sites, including the brain and
ovaries. These findings highlight the need for further research into factors influencing the effectiveness of radioiodine therapy.
Further studies in this area are necessary to optimize treatment strategies for patients with metastatic disease.
Conclusion. The incidence of distant metastases in HDTC was 7.4%, with the lungs being the most frequently affected
site. Radioiodine therapy demonstrated high effectiveness in treating patients with metastatic disease, particularly in cases of
pulmonary metastases. The obtained data underscore the importance of early diagnosis and timely therapy to improve the
prognosis in patients with metastatic lesions
References
Sergazina A.O., Pak L.A., Dushimova Z.D., Rakhmankulova A.M.,. Esbolatova N.S, Kudaiberdinov K.K., Bekenova Zh.Т., Rysbekov B.N. The frequency and efficacy assessment of radioiodine therapy for distant metastases of thyroid cancer // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2025. Vol.27 (2), pp. 39-45. doi 10.34689/SH.2025.27.2.005
Сергазина А.O., Пак Л.А., Душимова З.Д., Рахманкулова А.М., Есболатова Н.С., Кудайбердинов К.К., Бекенова Ж.Т., Рысбеков Б.Н. Частота встречаемости и оценка эффективности радиойодтерапии при отдалённых метастазах рака щитовидной железы // Наука и Здравоохранение. 2025. Т.27 (2), С. 39–45. doi: 10.34689/SH.2025.27.2.005
Сергазина А.O., Пак Л.А., Душимова З.Д., Рахманкулова А.М., Есболатова Н.С., Кудайбердинов К.К., Бекенова Ж.Т., Рысбеков Б.Н. Қалқанша безі қатерлі ісігінің алыс метастаздарының кездесу жиілігі және радиойодтерапияның тиімділігін бағалау // Ғылым және Денсаулық. 2025. Т.27 (2), Б. 39–45. doi: 10.34689/SH.2025.27.2.005
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