HYPERTENSION DISEASE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS

Abstract

Introduction. According to the World Health Organization, more than 1.28 billion adults worldwide suffer from elevated blood pressure, with almost two-thirds residing in low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension affects approximately 25–30% of the adult population in Kazakhstan, which is consistent with global averages. However, mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Kazakhstan is significantly higher compared to the European Union and the United States. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of implementing a disease management program for patients with hypertension in Kazakhstan and conduct a comparative analysis with other countries. Search strategy. The study analyzed data from Kazakhstan's state healthcare statistical reports for the period of 2013– 2025, along with publications by both domestic and foreign researchers. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and e-Library. The review includes primary studies (descriptive and analytical), secondary studies (meta-analyses and systematic reviews), clinical recommendations, as well as full-text publications in Russian and English published over the past 20 years under the disease management program. Results. In Kazakhstan, at the end of 2019, the share of patients who reached the target blood pressure level (140/90 mm rt. st.) increased to 62.7%. Hospitalization, associated with chronic heart failure, decreased by 14.5%. The implementation of the disease management program reduced CVD mortality by 6% in the first year of implementation. However, challenges remain, including low blood pressure control levels, limited preventive programs, and insufficient access to medical care in rural areas. Conclusions. To achieve the level of developed countries, the following measures are necessary: the development of a comprehensive program for the prevention and treatment of hypertension; increasing patient adherence to treatment; the introduction of telemedicine and the unification of clinical approaches; and strengthening collaboration between patients and healthcare professionals.