DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CAROTID BODY TUMORS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM

Abstract

Introduction: Carotid body tumor (CBT) is a rare, non-cancerous tumor that arises from the paraganglionic cells of the carotid glomus. It can cause compression of vital organs in the neck, making diagnosis and treatment a challenge. Aim: The purpose of this study is to identify effective methods for diagnosing and treating CBT, as well as to detect promising areas for future research. Search strategy: We analyzed 64 publications on CBT, including observational retrospective studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, using databases such as PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and e-Library.ru. We studied the current concepts of etiology, classification, clinical and instrumental diagnostic methods, and modern therapeutic approaches. Results: Modern methods for diagnosing CBT include CT-angiography, complemented by the PUMCH classification and the method of ICA distal segment measuring. These methods provide accurate preoperative planning. In treatment, early radical removal of the tumor is preferred, while preoperative embolization of the feeding arteries reduces the risks of blood loss and simplifies surgical intervention. Some organizational measures also optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize perioperative risks, increasing the safety and predictability of the treatment process. Conclusions: Although diagnosing CBT can be challenging and risky, the development of new methods and a multidisciplinary approach show promise for improving treatment outcomes. Further research is needed to optimize diagnostic and treatment strategies.